This study examines the integration of IoT and AI in energy-efficient smart buildings, emphasising applications and challenges. A qualitative methodology, combining systematic literature review, case study analysis, and systems analysis, underpins the research. Findings indicate that IoT enables. Within this framework, the Home Energy Management System (HEMS) plays a critical role in optimizing energy consumption patterns by redistributing loads from peak to off-peak hours, thereby subsequently contributing to grid stability. The system is realized using ESP32s board (combination of microcontr ller and Wi-Fi module), which connects to the internet and uploads data to the cloud.
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